Kaushik, Investigating the effect of V 2O 5 addition on sodium barium borosilicate glasses. Du, Effect of vanadium oxide addition on thermomechanical behaviors of borosilicate glasses: toward development of high crack resistant glasses for nuclear waste disposal. Farges, Chromium speciation in oxide-type compounds: application to minerals, gems, aqueous solutions and silicate glasses. Laczka, The effect of silicate network modifiers on colour and electron spectra of transition metal ions. Azooz, UV-vis absorption of the transition metal-doped SiO 2–B 2O 3–Na 2O glasses. Pegg, Vanadium and chromium redox behavior in borosilicate nuclear waste glasses. Shuh (Springer US, Boston, MA, 1996), pp. In Synchrotron Radiation Techniques in Industrial, Chemical, and Materials Science, ed. MacCrone, Chemical and structural elucidation of minor components in simulated hanford low-level waste glasses. Heald, Chromium phase behavior in a multi-component borosilicate glass melt. PNNL-10980, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Langowski, The incorporation of P, S, Cr, F, Cl, I, Mn, Ti, U, and Bi into simulated nuclear waste glasses: literature study. Tanabe, Spectroscopy and crystal-field analysis for Cr(IV) in alumino-silicate glasses. Abd El-Fattah, Novel identification of ultraviolet/visible Cr6+/Cr3+ optical transitions in borate glasses. Russel, High-temperature UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy of chromium-doped glasses. Kruger, Toward understanding the effect of low-activity waste glass composition on sulfur solubility. Kruger, Challenges with vitrification of Hanford High-Level Waste (HLW) to borosilicate glass: an overview. Mccloy, Thermal properties of sodium borosilicate glasses as a function of sulfur content. Harvey, “History of the Hanford Site: 1943–1990”, PNNL-SA-33307, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Apparently, the details of incorporation of Cr, and to an extent V, are different depending on whether sulfur is added as in this study or in oversaturated conditions as described in the literature, where Cr partitions to a sulfate-containing salt phase. A fraction of batched S was not incorporated in any glass, presumably due to volatilization during melting. On the other hand, all the targeted V was incorporated into the glass. Increasing Cr 2O 3 caused saturation of Cr concentration within the glass and formation of crystalline eskolaite (Cr 2O 3). Electron probe microanalysis determined elemental compositions to assess retention of components. Both Cr 6+ (CrO 4 2−) and Cr 3+ were found in the chromium-containing glasses while vanadium primarily existed in the 5+ oxidation state in the vanadium-containing glasses. Glass transition temperature, mass density, visible absorption, and Raman scattering were measured to investigate changes in the glass structure. The aim of the current study is to understand how vanadium and chromium each affect a sulfate-containing sodium aluminoborosilicate glass structure. In particular, certain elements identified in previous studies tend to raise or lower sulfate solubility in borosilicate glass. In the composition space for Hanford low-activity nuclear waste glass, the waste loading of some formulations is limited by poor incorporation of sulfate.
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